The final paper provides a theoretical overview of basic concepts in the field of astronomical navigation, with special regard to the celestial sphere, coordinate systems and the emergence of the first and second astronomical nautical triangle in a broader sense. In this regard, astronomical navigation, closely related to astronomy, uses and includes methods and aids for determining the ship's position on the high seas, by observing celestial bodies, and although astronomical navigation methods are rarely used in their practical application in recent times, the final paper emphasizes the application of astronomical navigation triangles in navigation, through implementation in modern nautical systems. Geodetic astronomy, as a part of spherical astronomy, observes, among other things, the application of spherical trigonometry which determines the position of a ship, and in that sense shows the coordinates of the local equatorial system in the coordinates of the horizon coordinate system and vice versa. By merging the two coordinate systems, two triangles are formed, which are a kind of basis for determining the position of the ship in time and space, ie their application in determining the position in navigation is significant. Keywords: