Title Model onečišćenja mora crnim otpadnim vodama s plovila
Title (english) Model of marine pollution by black waters from vessels
Author Žarko Koboević
Mentor Željko Kurtela (mentor) MBZ: 157690
Committee member Pavao Komadina (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Željko Kurtela (član povjerenstva) MBZ: 157690
Committee member Josip Kasum (član povjerenstva) MBZ: 222324
Committee member Dragan Martinović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Dean Bernečić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Maritime Studies, Rijeka Rijeka
Defense date and country 2015-07-06, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline TECHNICAL SCIENCES Traffic and Transport Technology Maritime and River Traffic
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 502/504 - Environmental science. Conservation of natural resources. Threats to the environment and protection against them 51 - Mathematics 656.6 - Transport by water
Abstract U doktorskoj disertaciji istraženi su i analizirani najvažniji čimbenici koji imaju
utjecaj na onečišćenje mora crnim otpadnim vodama s plovila. Istražena je podjela
sanitarnih otpadnih voda na plovilima i njihov štetni utjecaj na ljude, živi svijet u moru i
gospodarstvo. Utvrđeni su pokazatelji fekalnog onečišćenja mora. Istraženi su
međunarodni, regionalni i nacionalni propisi kojima se regulira postupanje s crnim
otpadnim vodama na plovilima i nedostaci u primjeni tih propisa. Istražena je instalirana
oprema za prikupljanje i tretiranje crnih otpadnih voda i način na koji radi na najmanjim
do najvećih plovila. Zatim su istraženi i analizirani preporučeni IMO i ISO modeli po
kojima se procjenjuje rizik. Nakon analize utvrđeno je da se postojeći modeli ne mogu
primijeniti za željenu procjenu rizika onečišćenja mora crnim vodama s plovila pa je
postavljen izvorni model za procjenu. Nakon postavljanja provedena je primjena i
određivanju razine rizika uz pomoć izvornog modela za pojedine tipove plovila. Izvorni
model procjene rizika koristi se s više važnih čimbenika, poput indeksa rizičnosti za
određene tipove plovila i indeksa osjetljivosti za pojedine lokacije. Pritom veličina
svakog indeksa ovisi o ulaznim čimbenicima. Rezultati procjene rizika onečišćenja
mora za raznovrsna plovila na različitim lokacijama dokazali su da je temeljna
znanstvena hipoteza točna i da brodovi za kružna putovanja pripadaju skupini plovila s
najmanjim rizikom, dok manja plovila, poput brodica i jahta, pripadaju skupini s
najvećim rizikom za onečišćenje obalnog mora crnim otpadnim vodama. Ispravnost
postavljenog modela provjerena je u ekperimentalnom dijelu rada, pri čemu se na
različitim lokacijama odabranoga tipičnog akvatorija (dubrovačkoga), s prometom
raznih plovila, uzorkovalo more tijekom 14 mjeseci i laboratorijski su se analizirali
uzorci s obzirom na indikatore fekalnog onečišćenja mora. Na rezultate analize uzoraka
i broj plovila određenog tipa na određenim lokacijama primijenjen je test znanstvene
(statističke) metode. Analizom dobivenih rezultata utvrđeno je da postoji povezanost
indikatora onečišćenja mora (fekalnih koliformnih bakterija) s manjim plovilima
(brodicama i jahtama) na određenim lokacijama. Također je utvrđeno da nema takve
povezanosti između brodova za kružna putovanja i bakterija na lokacijama gdje ti
brodovi borave.
Dakle, rezultati provedenih uzorkovanja mora i hi-kvadrat testova nedvojbeno su
dokazali još jednom metodom ne samo temeljnu znanstvenu hipotezu, nego i ispravnost
postavljenog modela za procjenu rizika onečišćenja mora crnim otpadnim vodama s
plovila.
Na kraju su dati prijedlozi za poboljšanje zaštite od takve vrste onečišćenja
mora. Predloženo je donošenje novog propisa o zaštiti od onečišćenja mora fekalnim
vodama s brodova, jahta i brodica pri plovidbi u unutarnjim morskim vodama i
teritorijalnome moru. Predložene su mjere za županijsku upravu i lokalnu samoupravu,
a vlasnicima plovila dan je prijedlog za poboljšanje opreme i postupanje s crnim
otpadnim vodama na njihovim plovilima.
Abstract (english) The thesis studies and analyses the most important factors influencing marine
pollution by black waters from vessels. Distribution of sanitary waste waters on board
and their damaging effect onto people, marine life and economy have been explored.
Indicators of marine pollution by faecal waters have been identified. International,
regional and national regulations governing black water treatment on board have been
analysed as well as non-conformities with the regulations. Equipment for collection and
treatment of black waters on board was tested in operation on both the small and large
vessels. The recommended IMO and ISO models for risk assessment were tested and
analysed. After testing the existing models were found as inadequate for assessment of
the risk of pollution by black waters from vessels, consequently, an original model was
installed for risk assessment. After installation the original model was implemented for
risk assessment on different types of vessels. The original risk assessment model utilizes
several important factors, such as risk index for different types of vessels and sensitivity
index for different locations. The size of each index depends on the input factors. The
risk assessment results for marine pollution by different vessels on different locations
confirmed the main scientific hypothesis, i.e. the cruise ships are in the low risk
category, while smaller vessels, such as boats and yachts are in the high risk category
for pollution of coastal seas by black waters. Validity of the proposed model was tested
in the experimental part of the thesis. Sea water samples were collected on different
locations in the target typical coastal area (Dubrovnik), with the marine traffic involving
different types of vessels, within the period of 14 months and submitted for analysis
with regard to faecal marine pollution indicators. Scientific (statistical) analysis of the
sample analysis results and the number of vessels of different types at particular
locations was applied. The analysis of the results indicates that there is a correlation
between the marine pollution indicators (faecal coliform bacteria) with the smaller
vessels (boats and yachts) on particular locations. It has also been found that there is no
correlation between the cruise ships and bacteria on these ships’ routes.
Consequently, the results of the sea sampling and chi-square tests have
confirmed without any doubt not only the main scientific hypothesis but also the
validity of the model for risk assessment of marine pollution by black waters from
vessels.
The final chapter of the thesis suggests recommendations for better protection
against this type of marine pollution. Adoption of new regulation on protection against
marine pollution by faecal waters from vessels, yachts and boats sailing in internal
waters and territorial seas has been recommended. Measures to be applied by the county
and local authorities have been proposed as well as recommendations for vessel owners
on upgrade of their equipment and treatment of black waters on board their vessels.
Keywords
plovila
onečišćenje mora
crne otpadne vode
fekalne koliformne bakterije
procjena rizika
multiplikativna matrica
hi-kvadrat
Keywords (english)
vessels
marine pollution
black waters
faecal coliform bacteria
risk assessment
multiplication matrix
chi-square
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:187:348206
Promotion 2020-04-15
Study programme Title: Postgraduate (doctoral) university study programme - Maritime Studies Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje tehničkih znanosti, polje tehnologija prometa i transport (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje tehničkih znanosti, polje tehnologija prometa i transport)
Catalog URL http://libraries.uniri.hr/cgi-bin/lb07/unilib.cgi?form=D1100311073
Type of resource Text
Extent VII, 133, XLIII lista : ilustr., graf. prikazi u bojama ; 31 cm
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2016-04-14 08:56:46