The dissertation is based on a comprehensive research of electric road vehicles and their aspects. In the introductory part of the work, the problems, subjects and objects of the research were investigated, the working hypothesis was set and the purpose, goals and scientific methods of the research were defined. Types of electric vehicles are discussed and analyzed, including battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and hydrogen vehicles. Battery technology is investigated in the context of production, classification, state of charge assessment and rules of other used batteries. The study of electric motors including brushless direct current (BLDC), switched reluctance motors (SRM) and permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) provides a deeper insight into the key components of electric vehicles. Environmental aspects and sustainable development were investigated to better understand how electric vehicles affect the environment and contribute to the sustainability of road transport. The charging infrastructure, different types of charging stations and the NEXT-E project were also analyzed. Economic aspects, incentives and subsidies in Croatia were compared with practices in other parts of the world. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of electric road vehicles and their key aspects. Understanding the different components, environmental impacts and economic dimensions of electric vehicles is essential to promote sustainable mobility in the future