In the modern global economy, maritime cargo transportation stands out as a key support for international trade and supply. To maintain market stability and global connectivity, ensuring efficient and legally regulated transport becomes essential. This study explores the Contract of Carriage of Goods by Sea as a vital instrument within this context. By examining the components of the contract, international regulations, and national guidelines, it investigates how the legal framework shapes this industry. The introductory chapter highlights the role of maritime cargo transportation in the modern economy. The second chapter extensively examines international legal sources such as conventions like the Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules, and their application. The third section explores national regulations in the Republic of Croatia and their alignment with global standards. The fourth chapter analyzes aspects of the contract, including parties, vessel, route, cargo, and price. The fifth chapter focuses on clauses. Lastly, the practical implementation of the contract is explored, including challenges and legal consequences. The research's goal is a deeper understanding of legal aspects and the application of the Contract of Carriage of Goods by Sea in the real world.